Sama Vedas
Sama Vedas
Introduction
Introduction:
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Samveda stands second among Vedic samhitas. Sam ward is used in two meanings – peace and for song in this form Samveda is the collection of such song full Padas and Mantras which are sung medodiously on on the occasion of Yagyas. It contains stutis and mantras for offering Gods.
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Traditionally the education about this ved was given by vyas to his disciple Gemini late followers of Gemini popularised it very much and its several branches were expanded Patanjali has described its thousand branches in his text Mahabhasya.
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In present days many of its branches are not found and only three are available –Kauthum, Ramayani and Gemini. The more popular of all is Kanthum on which most commentries have been written.
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Samveda Sanhita has been divided into two parts – Purvachik and uttarachik. Purvachik is the collection of Mantras in praise of god were as uttarchik is related with other different subject.
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This ved contains 1869 mantras. And 320 mantras are repeated beside its 1474 mantras have been picked from rigveda. Thus real mantras of Samveda rest only 75.
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Like other vedas this ved also contians mantrass dedicated to different gods but theoretically this ved is dedicated to sun god and nature of this ved is completely of worship or praise.
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The mantras of samveda are written as coupletes indeed. These are not read but sung. As such its melody and voice is more important than the subject matter of couplets.
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These mantras of Samveda have been divided into several parts based on way and time of singing-for example gram gape (village song), Aranya gan (forest song) utth gan, Aham gan etc.
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In Indian tradtion Samveda is considered original base of Indian musical tradition. Here seven melodies of music have been imagined as seven kinds of song (animal Songs) as follows :-
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On it means that the whole univese is full of songs and melodies from which melodies and sounds are reflected.
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It has no special importance for its subject but it was essential to sing these songs on occasion of Yagyas. The people or priest who used to sing this veda were called Udhatari. Different gods were requested to come through these mantras as such it was included in the list of vedtrayi.
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Important Brahamanas associated with samveda are – Panchvish (Tandey), Shadrish and Gemini Brahaman (Talavkar). The Shadvish Brahaman of this ved find first mention of the fact that how nonaryans were made aryans. Vedic upnishad associated with this ved are – Chchandogya and ken (Talavkar).
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The melodies of Samveda are religiously and culturaly very significant eduction regarding melodies were provided virbaly initially on this basis and regorous rehearsals were done. Bharat muni firstly scripted the music in about 300 BC and gave it form of a Shashatra (text).
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The role of Samveda in the life of aryans could be known after joint study of rigeveda and cultural aspects of aryan life.
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